Modern dental fillings or procedures to restore teeth are many and varied, but there are 5 basic options when you have a tooth that needs repair.

1. Silver Filling

2. White Plastic Filling

3. Gold Filling

4. CEREC^® porcelain restoration

5. Crown

All of these 5 options have benefits and drawbacks. The following information will help you understand your choices better and will give you our best advice on the materials that we use with our own families, our informed dental staff and their families.

AMALGAM (Silver fillings)

Silver fillings have been the most commonly used filling material for more than 100 years. They are made of the metals silver, copper, tin and mercury. As such, they are not the color of natural teeth, and will tarnish and darken over the years. Silver fillings have two advantages; they last a long time, and can be used successfully in teeth under challenging circumstances such as; adults with severely limited opening, children unable to cooperate, and teenagers whose soda drinking habit has weakened their enamel. That said, in our practice we rarely use silver fillings, and then, only in circumstances that make all other choices impractical or impossible.

Silver filling material has some drawbacks. Firstly, X-rays cannot pass through metal fillings. This leaves us unable to diagnose decay in some circumstances. Unseen leakage under silver fillings is very common and can lead to catastrophic failures. Without exception, when we remove a filling that has been in the mouth for longer than 25 years, there is some undetected decay that is often surprisingly extensive. Secondly, our greatest concern in using silver fillings is that when it has been used to fill a very large cavity, the silver filling may eventually be associated with a cracked tooth. Over many years, this bulk of metal expands and contracts inside your tooth at a different rate than the surrounding glassy enamel. Daily you exert more than 200 lbs. per square inch of pressure on the filling and it often acts like a wedge through the middle of your tooth. Almost without exception, when we see a cracked tooth, there is an aging silver filling present and we often find extensive decay present in and around the visibly cracked enamel.

There are other dental materials that do not appear to be as frequently associated with cracked teeth.

As you know, there are some questions about the element of mercury used in silver fillings. This issue is one of the most studied subjects in dentistry, world-wide. To date, we have never seen any credible scientific research that conclusively demonstrates that the mercury in your silver fillings is harming you. However, there are environmental problems with the use of silver fillings that Vermont dentists are right on top of. We have all installed special seperaters that remove the mercury from the water that would go into the public waste water system.

Dentists will have differing opinions on "The Mercury Issue". Our stand is this: We feel that if there are better modern alternatives to silver fillings, then we will recommend those for the majority of our restorative procedures. We do not rule out silver fillings because we are afraid that the silver filling will harm you in any way. We simply find that in many circumstances, we have better materials to offer our patients. (As you will see when you read further on this page).

If finances are a particular concern, then silver filling material is still a good choice. Silver fillings are still the most cost effective material that a dentist can use in certain circumstances and for that reason, are likely to remain a material that is highly called upon in certain settings.

RESIN (White Plastic Filling Material)

White "plastic" resin fillings have been commonly used in dentistry for more than 25 years. They have an advantage over silver fillings in that they are tooth colored and are "bonded" to the tooth. They can be more conservative than silver fillings because the dentist does not need to remove as much enamel to mechanically lock the filling in the tooth. In our practice, in the right circumstances, when a patient has financial concerns or when we are doing a small filling, this is our primary filling material of choice.

The primary disadvantage to resin filling material is that it shrinks 1%-3% during the curing (hardening) process. For small fillings this shrinkage will have little consequence because there will not be enough force to pull the material away from the edge of your tooth. For medium to large fillings, this shrinkage will leave tiny areas of micro-leakage around the fillings, making the life of the filling somewhat short (5-10 years). In some cases, this shrinkage can also lead to lasting biting pressure pain following the placement of a plastic filling. Certain types of enamel ("soft teeth") do not bond well with plastic filling material, and this may greatly shorten the life of a filling as well.

GOLD FILLING (ONLAY or INLAY)

Gold fillings have been used for hundreds of years. Because of its strength, longevity and biocompatibility, gold has long been the standard to which all other materials are compared. The only drawback to gold is expense and lack of cosmetic appeal.

CEREC^® ONLAYS (WHITE PORCELAIN RESTORATIONS)

CEREC^® is the trademark of the most advanced dental technology in the world. CEREC^® is a high-tech method of restoring teeth with porcelain inlay/onlay, or crown, in one visit using computer technology. Most dental practices use CEREC^® to make one-visit crowns, but we very rarely use it for crowns. In our office we see the benefit of CEREC^® as the best choice for "filling" a tooth that still has some healthy remaining enamel. CEREC^® allows us to avoid crowns 90% of the time. In short, we replace only the damaged portion of your tooth with a tiny porcelain puzzle piece.

With expertise, your restoration is precision milled from a block of tooth-colored ceramic material and then bonded into place like a perfectly accurate puzzle piece. Besides the obvious cosmetic advantage of this enamel-like material, its main benefit is the preservation of tooth structure. With CEREC^®, we are able to to leave all of your tooth's healthy enamel by removing ONLY the old filling and/or decay. We create a conservative restoration called an "inlay," therefore avoiding the extensive removal of all the natural enamel required for typical crowns. (The "crowning" procedure is like putting your tooth in a pencil sharpener - Still a good choice, but only when necessary.)

Our innovative "inlay" procedure replaces the need for crowns by using a unique porcelain which has the same physical properties as human enamel, so it has become the most biocompatible choice of all dental materials. It wears, reflects light, expands and contracts the same as human enamel. In many studies, it has surpassed gold in strength and reflects light, expands and contracts the same as human enamel. The technology is now more than 20 years old and we have been using it for more than 4 years now, 4 to 6 times each day. We know that there are detractors in the dental community who have formed a negative opinion about CEREC^®, but after placing more than 3000 of these restorations, we simply have not experienced any of the problems that they are concerned about. We are proud to be the first and only practice in our area to master this innovative technology. The top impartial researcher in the world, Dr. Gordon Christensen, has deemed this technology to be the "future of dentistry".

CROWNS (Caps)

Crowns are also a terrific, long lasting choice and the best treatment for teeth with the most severe problems. Regrettably, this procedure requires the removal of all the remaining enamel, good and bad. To prepare a tooth for a crown, we must shave the entire tooth down so that a "cap" can cover it much like a thimble fits over your finger. Until recently, this was the only way to predictably restore visibly cracked teeth or teeth with extremely large fillings. (Fortunately, in our practice, with CEREC^® technology, we can now avoid crowns 90% of the time, thereby saving any remaining healthy, natural enamel. This gives your tooth strength, looks more natural than crowns and has equal or better longevity than our other choices for tooth repairs).